Media Coverage of War Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Media Coverage of War - Research Paper Example The build up to Iraq war and the war itself received wide media attention across the world. The normal television broadcasting schedules of major broadcasters were often disrupted to bring the 24-hour coverage of the war and related analysis. The war coverage was not restricted to the electronic media. The daily newspapers displayed numerous pages with detailed images from the war frontlines. Viewers around the world were able to enjoy quality coverage of the action in the comfort of their homes. It is with no doubt that, the media coverage of the war on Iraq was one of the highest visual qualities, exceeding the coverage of previous wars in the world (Allan and Zelizer 53-60) However, the media coverage of the war on Iraq in 2003 continues eliciting ethical issues, particularly on the role that the journalists played in ensuring that all parties involved in the conflict received fair media attention. In addition, the effects that the coverage had on different groups of people across the world are another major issue of concern. Impartial and objective media coverage is the epitome of professional journalism but during war on Iraq, objectivity was one of the most controversial issues. The issues of impartiality and objectivity were particularly more questionable because most of the journalists came from United States and other western countries that supported the war. The interests in the Iraq conflict particularly in the United States were intense because of the high stakes involved, causing biasness in the reporting (Steven et al, 570-572). In the course of the war coverage, major media houses especially from United States and United Kingdom are renowned for biasness while covering conflicts (Juliane 46). According to Juliane the media companies in these countries seldom question the morality of their countries’ engagement in the conflicts (52). For instance during the Falkland’s war involving United Kingdom and Argentina, Juliane noted that the media in the country failed to challenge the rationale of war. The situation was similar during the first gulf war in 1991 when the American and British press remained largely biased in favor of the allied forces (63-65). Rid attributes the apparent lack of professionalism in the media to vested interests, where the media owners fear reporting actual facts in order to maintain cordial economic relations with the government of the day(82). The media coverage of war in Iraq elicited different criticism from the society. Lewis argued that the coverage from the frontline presented the war as a form of entertainment, involving a superior forces led by the United States displaying their military might against an inferior opposition (55-68). Similarly, the graphic broadcasts elicited concerns about their psychological effects on the audience, especially the young children. In Britain and United States, there were concerns that media would broadcast graphic images of wounded and killed sol diers to the public. This would create psychological suffering to the relatives and trigger public outrage against the war (Rid 77) There was a pronounced contrast between the broadcasts by pro western media and Arab media during the Iraq war. Al jazeera television network, a pro Arabic media house demonstrated a remarkable journalistic coverage by showing the untold suffering of the Iraqi people meted by the occupying forces. The station showed images of Iraqi civilian victims and

Impact Of Internet-Based E-Commerce On Manufacturing And Business Research Paper

Impact Of Internet-Based E-Commerce On Manufacturing And Business Operations - Research Paper Example Summary of: E-commerce and its impact on operations management A. Gunasekarana,*, H.B. Marrib, R.E. McGaugheyc, M.D. Nebhwanib The revolutionizing internet based commerce has been proving itself as the most promising application of information technology. Termed as the second internet revolution, e-commerce can be seen just about anywhere over the internet. One of the key manners in which e-commerce is effective is the marketing and attaining of goods over the internet. Opening of new horizons and that too globally is one of the feathers e-commerce has in its cap. It also enables the reduction of costs incurred and that of the processing time involved within processes. Thus, eventually resulting in the overall attainment of profits and generation of increased revenue. E-Commerce incorporates a number of technologies that include e-mail, EDI (Electronic Data Interchange), application of e-commerce in operations (manufacturing and services). Internet enables B2B and Business to consume r transactions. Organizations that have newly evolved find it easier to implement the standards of e-commerce as compared to those that already have old business processes running and functional. The main theme of manufacturing systems has changed from mass production to demand driven with the introduction of e-commerce. Reduction of procurement and development cycles, simplification of procedures, incorporation of men into profitable positions rather than at mere data handling positions, accessibility to world wide markets, improvement in time of response generation and also in the relationship with customers are just a few benefits that e-commerce has rendered to the world of business. Marketing horizons that... Impact of Internet/E-commerce on Operations Management E-Commerce is the use of internet and internet based technologies in all business processes. It has extensive uses and implementation details. It overrides the use all prior technologies such as Electronic Data Interchange. From the collection of raw data to each detail of the business and sales processes to even the eventual after sales services e-commerce expands its horizons over an entire organization benefiting it on the whole. Exemplary enhancement in sales leads to encouragement to increase the potential to increase the over all logistics of an organization. E-commerce addresses many problems associated with businesses that were all associated with the pre-technology era. Introduction of the internet technology has revolutionized business processes by enhancing procurement, communication, interaction within organization, production, reduction in costs, increase in efficiency and an eventual increase in sales. Increased brand awareness and customer loyalty and increase in potential profits of an organization are also termed as benefits associated with implementation of internet technologies within a business. Up to date customer feedback enables updated revolutions in business processes. Issues that need to be addressed while implementing e-commerce are security. Strengthening of this issue would in turn enhance customer reliability with businesses. Nonetheless it can be said that the key to the survival of every business in the technological world of today is its embedding e-commerce into its business processes.

EHS Standards Evaluation

EHS Standards Evaluation EH S Evaluation: The product should be evaluated with respect to environmental health and safety, such as handling instructions, personal protective equipment’s and deactivating agents should be determined and made available to every personnel who are making contact with the product. Depending on nature of product, the studies are performed to validate the deactivating agents and procedures. Although it poses additional cost and timing to technology transfer, but it is the first line risk assessment for technology transfer with intending of protecting those who will be producing the product. However during technology transfer the EHS system should be maintain standards across the company. The EHS standards to be maintained for the technology transfer are as follows: Management  Systems Standards These Standards provide the framework for EHS risk management, incorporating many key elements to successful EHS management such as regulatory compliance, risk assessment, communication, self-audit, and senior leadership engagement. Risk topic standards This group of documents sets expectations for management and control of many important EHS programs including workplace safety, occupational hygiene, fire and life safety, and environmental impact reduction. Program standards These standards address the key program areas , such as office safety, contractor safety, EHS risks from suppliers of material and services Raw material specifications: The raw material may seem like basic element in the manufacturing process but it can often provide most difficulty and unforeseen delays during technology transfer. Within the pharmaceutical industry there is a great emphasis on designing quality into a product by monitoring and controlling what is delivered for manufacture of the product meets the requirements for what is needed for manufacture of the product. However the material standards should meet according to their relevant regulatory bodies, but not to be excessive because this leads to the cost and potentially cause delays for technology transfer while waiting for superfluous testing results. Analytical Method Transfers Transfer of analytical methods should accommodate all the analytical testing required to demonstrate compliance of the product to be transferred with the registered specification Analytical methods used to test pharmaceutical products, starting materials, packaging components and cleaning (residue) samples, if applicable, should be implemented at the testing laboratory before testing of samples for process validation studies is performed A protocol defining the steps should be prepared for transfer of analytical methods. The analytical methods transfer protocol should include a description of the objective, scope and responsibilities of the specification of materials and methods; the experimental design and acceptance criteria; documentation (including information to be supplied with the results, and report forms to be used, if any); procedure for the handling of deviations; references; signed approval; and details of reference samples (starting materials, intermediates and finished products) Avoid pit balls during Analytical method transfer: The exchange of the relevant method information and subsequent compilation of the transfer protocol avoid a lot of foreseeable problems during method transfers. Nevertheless potential mistakes should be reviewed. These include 1) The calculation of the results. Calibration standards and correction factors Rounding Integration parameters(eg: minimum area, threshold, noise) Reporting imits, summation or averaging procedures 2) Availability of reagents, samples, and standard material. 3) correct shipment and storage. 4) Equivalent equipment Qualification, procedure and acceptance criteria Materials and carry over properties Temperature ranges Equipments: Equipment’s are a critical part of the transfer process. For technology transfer, technical information of products as well as those of manufacturing equipments are important. To establish equipments conforming to GMP, it is essential to obtain and understand information from RD process so that quality assurance of subject drugs can be secured and the equipments can comply with required conditions for manufacturing. For that purpose, the following technical information should be transferred. The RD department should clarify considerations of GMP compliance specific to subject drugs and manufacturing methods (manufacturing processes), and present them to a facility and equipment department. The facility and equipment department should establish facilities and equipments reflecting the above considerations, clearly details of the establishment and operational considerations of those facilities and equipments, and present them to a drug manufacturing department. The drug manufacturing department should fully understand the above information, implement validations, perform appropriate operations and controls in conformity to the established facilities and equipments, and records results of operations and controls. All systems need to be ready before validation batches can be produced. Systems checklist, agreement on acceptance criteria and commercialization, stability plan, agreement on annual revalidation and approval of the transfer report must be complete to move to the Process Validation. A systems checklist with quality assurance approval provides necessary documentation that was gathered in the transfer. This should include vendor audits, cleaning validation (residual solvents), Melamine requirements addressed, equipment qualification completed with operational ranges. BSE/TSE addressed, specifications and SOPs approved. Once raw materials and packaging components are released, the transfer final report is approved. With batch records approved, risk analysis complete, and stability protocol approved, Trackwise systems are set up. Documented evidence of all required systems is placed in a file. This file is then reviewed by QA prior to signature of the Validation protocol. The decision to commercialize validation batches is made by senior leadership based on a modified risk assessment. Included in the commercialization risk assessment are a review of the product trending report, a review of the process gap assessment and discussions with regulatory. The commercialization strategy also needs to meet the January 2011 FDA guidance for product commercialization. The stability protocol includes stability requirements for each of the countries the product will be marketed. This may require rental of stability chambers or space in stability chambers for years as the diverse stability requirements are reviewed. The stability protocol may also include expectations for product stability results in relation to commercialization. Looking ahead, planning needs to include agreement on annual revalidation and filing activities. Execution of the validation plan needs to follow the agreed plan. Typically a daily update meeting will be held to provide updates from the previous days activities and ensure all systems are a go for the daily activities. The validation team needs to act accordingly when issues occur. All deviations from the plan must be clearly identified and tracked for root cause analysis. System controls are intended to cover normal operations, external events need to be handled with facility policies and be included in the validation final report. Documentation Hundreds of GMPdocuments are required for process transfers. The Code of Federal Regulations provides a listing of expected documentation including: raw material and component documentation logbooks batch records laboratory records distribution records A complete list can be developed utilizing the process maps (see Gate 4) and standard documentation sets.Once the list is made, divide the documents into groups.Remember raw materials documents will probably be required first, but finished product testing protocols often require finished goods test procedures to be validated prior to accepting the product. The project schedule should provide insight into when documents will be required. The quickest way to complete the transfer is to reformat records from the sending site, but this practice often leads to non-conformances and issues because there is a lack of understanding content and history. Each document needs to be built with the foundation process map identified in Gate 4 and utilizing Subject Matter Experts (SME) identified as part ofGate 2.The control of the critical process parameters (CPP) must be understood and the control strategy needs to be included in the documentation to ensure product attributes are achieved. Agreement on terminology and format with quality and regulatory units helps ensure standardized documentation, which allows employees to follow repeatable processes.Each document should have a dry run with personnel who have not been exposed to the process, the related SME and a documentation author (if necessary).Pictures often help, but authors need to be mindful of what is in the background. For example, I once had a formulation tank CIPprocedure written with pictures taken in the tank manufacturers parking lot. Finally a document review team is formed with appropriate representation to ensure content is consistent with expectations.Often document reviewers lack the process understanding to assess technical details but can provide oversight for other requirements.The documentation tracking sheet should monitor status and escalation needs to occur if a maximum of two revision cycles is not achieved.

My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Education Essays

My Philosophy of Education Philosophy of education helps educators understand the purpose of education, what should be taught, and how students learn. All teachers must think about these important questions. A philosophy helps integrate understanding into the educational process. My philosophy is that all children should be educated, because it makes our society better as a whole. I believe that if we can educate all children, we can improve our society in many ways. In my opinion, the best way to educate children is using the pragmatism theory. Pragmatism is knowledge that is obtained and developed through experiences and interactions with the environment (Tanner 1997). This is important in education because children learn more through actual experiences. They learn from their actions, some even being mistakes. Pragmatism is a practical approach and it will work well when teaching children. Pragmatists believe that we should improve society through means of education that are geared toward problem solving and must be ongoing (Encarta Online 1995-2000). This is a great point because learning is a continuous process throughout life and it is all about solving problems. A teacher who is a pragmatist will help students understand what is known is changeable, there are a number of ways to interpret events, and there is no absolute truth (Crooner, Knight, and Wiseman 1999). Pragmatism has been around for a long time. It was developed by the 19th century by American philosophers, one of them being John Dewey. To him pragmatism implied that education should represent growth in individual capacity to deal with situations, should be a continuous process that cannot be terminated by the completion of course requirements, and demands self-direction as opposed to authoritarian imposition (Wyett 1998). This led to using the interests of students and their desires to learn as a main point in curriculum. I believe this helps in the classroom. If the children are interested in what they are learning, they will most likely learn that subject matter better. Along with this the classroom should also be democratic. In this process students will have their values respected, and their insights made available to fellow students and professors (Beck 1993). A philosophy in education is very important for a teacher to have.

Instant Noodles

Instant noodles are very popular and frequently consumed by most people today. However, most buyers are clueless as to the damages these products inflict on their bodies. By investigating the most famous brands of instant noodles here in China, we will be able to accurately find out the â€Å"most healthy† brand of instant noodles based on its oil content. By doing so, we will be able to prevent the numerous health problems that have occured from these products from arising again. Furthermore, the limited brands of noodles also hinder us from having a wider analysis on the topic. Related Literature From the time Momofuku Ando developed the first instant noodles, they have dominated the noodle industry, and its effects can still be seen today. Their main customers are the college students and other people who are always on the go, people who do not have time to cook breakfast, or people who are lazy to. Furthermore, according to english. ndtv. com there have been high amounts o f plasticizers in instant noodles in China.The process of making the noodles is what affects the water absorbency of the noodles. In fact according to Beijing time progress technology development co. LTD. , instant noodles are made out of a variety of doughs, which are formed to make noodles, cooked, then deep-fried in oil. They are then put through air knives, which does not however, remove all the oil. This is why instant noodles contain such high amounts of oil, which causes kidney stones, and prevents it from absorbing water.Oil is not the only unhealthy material in instant noodles. In fact according to Dr. Edmond Lee, instant noodles also contain high amounts of carbohydrates, sodium, MSG, and saturated fat. This is why we test the noodles for its water absorbency, because it is one of the factors that will show whether or not an instant noodle product is high in terms of oil-content. This is because oil and water do not mix when something is covered in oil water will not be ab le to pass through thus less water absorbency.We plan to test the water absorbency by drenching the noodles in water and measuring the amount of unabsorbed water left. By doing this we can help people choose the instant noodles with the least oil content, thus helping them prevent other sicknesses caused by the instant noodles, and helping them get as much nutrients as they can obtain. Furthermore, the community will be more informed as to the best brand of instant noodles with the assistance of this study.

Discuss Concepts of Attachment in Human Development

Discuss concepts of attachment in human development. What implications does this have for a society in which the majority of Mothers are employed outside the home? Attachment is the bond and affection created by two people. It is a need developed in human beings since we are born to feel secure and safe. According to Bowlby, this theory is an emotion connection human beings generate when they are born where they get emotionally associated to caregivers, normally the mother, creating to an emotional reaction when this connection of attachment is in danger or gone. (Worden 1991) Lasing psychological connectedness between human beings† The caregiver is giving to the baby an emotional security needed for the development of the baby. (Hospice Slo) This attachment between baby and caregiver can be partially replaced when the baby grows and gets involved for longer periods of time during the day with other human beings but it is very important to keep the infant close to the main care giver to improve child’s chance of survival. Birth involves changes and adjustments, pain and joy and new beginnings (Kubler-Ross 1981) Key Features of Bolby’s theory of Attachment. Monotropy: Babies are strongly attached to the caregiver who is normally the mother, and this attachment takes its form on the first year of life. -If attachment with the mother has not taken place by age 2, it will be almost impossible to adjust it, even after 6 months of the baby’s life; it would make it very difficult. -Secure attachment to the caregiver is very important for a future emotional, social and intellectual development. -Once attachment is created, if it gets interrupted it can led to massive consequences on social, intellectual and emotional development. Reciprocal: The attachment is form in a two way. -Critical period. Between 6 months and 2 years is most important period where the baby and the caregiver should be close to creating a bond. -Maternal deprivation. As B owlby describes it, it is the serious developmental impairment caused by being separated from the mother in infancy. (Kubler-Ross 1981) Having in mind the theories of attachment according to Bowlby and the repercussions if interrupted, we can state the existence of a strong independence between mother and baby.We can understand that this bond between baby/toddler and caregiver cannot be eternally followed. In general, the mothers, after a giving birth, have created the attachment and get connected to the baby but at some point, most of them will have to go back to a productive life and join their job again if they had one, as most women will be obliged to contribute to the necessities of the family’s finances so she will be forced to assign the task of caring for the baby after just a few months of the baby’s life.That does not mean the attachment will be broken but the baby will spend some time during the day looked after by a second party. The baby will be responsive and create an emotional connection between the new caregiver once the caregiver is responsive and familiar. (Berger 1983) This is not a journey by choice most of the time. It would be greater if the mother could stay close to home and focus directly on what is right to be sure that her path is connected with the child. (Kornfield 1988)The task of looking after the baby while the mother is working could be given to a second party in the family, for example grandparents if they are able to take care of the child or any other relative. A nanny or infant day care are some other choices to achieve the right care for the baby. Once the task of carer has been assigned, the baby will be separated of his mother for most of the day and new attachments will be formed, but the main one will be the bond between mother and child.This change could be lived by the child in a very distressed way as new people or strange people will be caring for him and it could be upsetting for the mother if the b onds are too tight. As upsetting as it could be for the child this change in life and environment could be a crucial move for the child to start learning different things, interact with other people or children and start new discoveries. Mothers always think is safer to leave children with family relates, but depending the age, childcare could be a perfect option for a child.Once the infant is around 2 years old, being exposed to other children will help to develop and the start of relationships with other people or kids, so from being the main character in his house, children will learn to socialize with other children or people with the purpose of social growing. The father, who in a normal situation would have developed a bond with the child but in a smaller scale than the mother, he will make closer emotional connection with his child as he will have more responsibility sharing the tasks and caring for the baby. Cowan 1993) Having mentioned what attachment means for caregiver/mo ther and baby and the changes in modern life, we can question how this affects the working mother, the family and the child. Long-term study by University College London has studied the case and influence in young children when their mothers have to go to work and develop a professional career.The conclusions have been revealing that the kids exposed to this situation are not harmed emotionally or socially by being left with family, relatives or day care option and they would had the same behaviour so there were no changes with the absence of the caregiver. Some researches pointed out that there are no big difference between the time a working mother or a housewife dedicate to their children, as the working mothers compensate the attention to their children on the weekends to make up for the time they have been working and they have missed expending with their child.Psychologists’ point that it is more important the quality not the quantity of time spent with her children. Th e fact that the mother can develop a professional career can help to lift her self-esteem and that will be transmitted to the children instead the mother having to resign for the sake of her children which it can lead to a frustration and depression and these could also be transmitted to the children and affect their day life and their behaviour.This case study leaded to some other repercussions regarding children gender and different situations in the household which we can blame to some dysfunctional parental issues. (Meikle) The UCL Centre for Paediatric Epidemiology and Biostatics study states that children which are left in caring centres or looked after by relatives have poorer dietary habits, had more tendencies to drink sweet drinks between meals and they were an average of two hours a day in front of the TV or the computer than the children who were full time looked after by the mother.These statements link to appreciate that working parents have less time to provide their children with a balance diet and chances for physical activity leading children to a higher risk of obesity. (Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health) Another study by the University College London states that there were no detrimental effects for children if the mother goes back to work but that children’s health and emotional wellbeing could sustain if the detachment happens in very early life of the child.Dr Anne McMunn agrees with some of the statements above and she pointed that children looked after by the mother full time had the most behaviour difficulties. (Ross, T, Barker, C) She also stated that working mothers are more likely to have higher educational qualifications which would allow them to live in a higher class in society, with bigger incomes and have lower possibilities of getting depressed than non working mothers.These factors explain the levels of behavioural difficulties for males of non working mothers, but it would not be the same case for girls. ( McMunn, A) The American Psychological Association, in Washington, D. C has studied the case of families with low incomes and the benefits in children if mothers go to work. Children in a low class family will benefit more if the mother works as there will be a financial stability in the household and the mother will become a model role to follow for the family.Their case study was based in mothers returning to work at early age of the children (preferably almost straight away after giving birth) giving a result of benefits for the children and the family. On the other side, mothers who go back to work after her children turns 3 years old, these children will tend to have achievement problems in school, behavioural problems and conduct problems, believing that it was much better an earlier start for the mother to join work.Doing more research on middle and upper class families, children who were left in daycares were slightly more likely to see decreases in achievement, suggesting th at families with no financial problems may not see beneficial for the mother to go back to work while children are very young. These studies took place in USA and they agree there is no support for new mothers in terms of flexi time and maternity leave policies and that having more help to arrange more time with their babies could only have positive effects for children. Thompson, R. L) United Nations Children's Fund reported that children in UK are exposed to risk as mothers join work too soon having to leave babies in day care, nannies and they mentioned it reduces the emotional benefit and behaviourally if the mothers were able to look after the kids at home as maternity leave are not fairly paid and UK and it does not provide enough money for early childhood services.Unicef reckons by their research that the lack of contact between parents and children could lead the children to depression and withdrawn, performing poorly in school and developing behavioural problems stating tha t the younger the baby is, the greater the risk recommending that babies should be with the parents at least till they are 12 months old. (Beckford, M) We have had the chance to compare different studies and points of view in terms of the impact and implications for employed mothers who have to be away from their homes to bring an income to the house and leave their children in care of second parties.Some of this studies vary in opinions and we have pointed the main repercussions, but most of them agree there is no major repercussions in being absent from the household while they are working. In general, once the attachment mother-child has been established, the mother and the children will always be connected and it could be beneficial for the child for his on future development.In the old times, mothers were staying at home looking after the children and taking care of the house, but this society we are living now has made us change this tradition and our ways of behaving relating parental attachment have changed as we need the income to survive, but the success of our children in the future will not be measured by the material things received but the intensity and quality in the affecting relations parents have been able to provide since they are children.We need to bear in mind that most of the cases where the studies do not find any unbeneficial consequences are based in traditional families, mother and father together with no dysfunctional problems, which if these situation changes dramatically, and the consequences would be completely different. We also presume that the nanny, relative or care giver assigned for this task has experience or it is a high level institution where the children are not going to be in lack of caring of attention. References: – Beckford, M (2008) Unicef: English children at risk because mothers go back to work too soon [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. o. uk/news/uknews/3701376/Unicef-English-children-at-risk-b ecause-mothers-go-back-to-work-too-soon. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Berger, K. S, 6th ed. , (1983) The developing person through the life span. New York: Worth Publishers. – Cowan, P. A (1993) Family, self, and society: toward a new agenda for family research. New Jersey: Lawerence Erlbaum Associates, Inc. – Hospice SLO. Worden's 4 Tasks of Grief [Online]. Available: http://www. hospiceslo. org/helpful-info/82-wordens-4-tasks-of-grief. html [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health (2009) Children of working mothers have unhealthier lifestyles. Online]. Available: http://www. ucl. ac. uk/news/news-articles/0909/09092903 [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Kornfield, J (1988) A path with heart. New York: Rider. -Kubler-Ross,E (1981) Living with Death and Dying. How to communicate with the terminally ill. New York:Touchstone. -McMunn, A (2011) Working mothers and the effects on children. [Online]. Available: http://www. esrc. ac. uk/news-a nd-events/press-releases/16143/working-mothers-and-the-effects-on-children. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Meikle, J (2011) Working mothers do no harm to their young children, research finds. [Online]. Available: http://www. guardian. co. k/lifeandstyle/2011/jul/22/working-mothers-no-harm-children [Accessed 15 November 2011] -Ross, T, Barker, C (2011) New mothers told it's better to go back to work. [Online]. Available: http://www. telegraph. co. uk/family/8652948/New-mothers-told-its-better-to-go-back-to-work. html [Accessed 17 November 2011] – Thompson, R. L (2010) The Kids Are All Right: Few Negative Associations With Moms' Return to Work Soon After Having Children. [Online]. Available: http://www. apa. org/news/press/releases/2010/10/working-mothers. aspx [Accessed 17 November 2011] -Worden, J. W, 4th  ed. , (2010)  Grief Counselling and Grief Therapy: A Handbook

My thing essays

My thing essays Memoirs of a Geisha is Arthur Golden's debut novel, written exquisitely with great detail. It was initially written as a novel that would depict the son borne of a geisha and a Japanese businessman, but once he had learned the true nature of a geisha, he changed his topic. Golden discovered the intrigue of the geisha - the attributes that draw in the geisha's customers, that make them an irreplaceable part of Japanese history, that make them human as well as the ideal of what a woman should be. When these features were displayed through Sayuri's voice, the novel became an emotionally enrapturing story, which drew in the reader and captivated the heart. I, personally, was affected deeply by this novel. I have always been drawn in by Japanese culture, even as a child. When I learned of the geisha for the first time, I thought I even wanted to be one someday. While reading this novel, any fantasies I may have had of what a geisha was were completely reshaped. This novel convinced me th at the geisha truly were artists - they were trained and hired as musicians, dancers, conversationalists, jokesters, and "drinking buddies", so to speak. The geisha incorporate both the demure and the vulgar aspects of the human spirit, and created instead a playful and desirable companion for the stressed and lonely businessmen. When I learned of the "mizuage," the supposed Japanese term for the occasion upon which a young geisha's virginity is auctioned off to the highest bidder, I was absolutely shocked. Here was a culture that had prided itself for hundreds of years on being one of the most civilized, and yet according to this author it permitted young girls to first be sold into the as-depicted near-slavery of the geisha trade, and then to have their virginity sold. I learned to see these events from Sayuri's point of view. She saw life as being like a stream, with events that are beyond our control, but in which we can paddle ...

Tutankhamun essays

Tutankhamun essays What does archeological evidence from Tutankhamuns tomb reveal about death and burial in New Kingdom Egypt? Ancient Egyptians believed that when a Pharaoh died they would journey on into another life, the After Life and they would take their possessions from this life into the next. Preparations for the after life included the mummification process which took 70 days and consisted of wrapping the body In linen to preserve it for the after life, A funeral procession, paintings from inside Tutankhamuns tomb showed it was much like a funeral from modern times except the mourners wore white clothes instead of black, and the construction of a great tomb in which the body would be buried. Mummification was a long process, it took roughly 70 days. This time was hectic with planning and organizing to the slightest perfection, including that all ritual objects required for a burial were made and finished, family possessions were often collected to place in the tomb for after life use. The Pharaohs body was passed to the embalmers workshops also called House of Vigour. The process of mummification included: Brain removal through nostrils using small hooks. Viscera (internal organs) were removed through an incision on the side of the torso. Organs were placed in jars for preservation, with lids sculpted in the Pharaohs image. The jars were then put in golden coffins in a canopic shrine in the treasury of the tomb. The body is then covered in natron for 70days to suck up all moisture and dry out the body. Body dried and rested on a bed with legs in the shape of animals. The last stage was bandaging, this was the most complicated job because it consists of 143 objects being placed between 2 bandages while prayers were recited. The objects included: # Rings # Amulets #Pendants # Bracelets # Daggers The fingers, toe...

5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time

5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time 5 Strategies for Writing University Assignment Within the Limited Time Time is an enemy for many students who study at college or university. It takes them a long time to make a report or write a coursework. What to say about exams when the time is limited? No educator will wait for the moment when a source of inspiration, time and the desire for an assignment will appear. It is supposed to be written and submitted to an instructor on a due date or within specific time. The question is how to succeed in performing successfully all of them and not to flunk out. It doesn’t matter whether you find yourself in such a situation because of huge tones of work on your shoulders or simply because of procrastination. What matters is how you use the limited time to tackle a college assignment effectively. 1.   Stay Calm According to the research study, anxiety during such stressful events as exams or tests is the main cause of students’ inability to achieve acceptable results. Don’t allow your fears to fail such an important stage in life to graduate from university. If you experience anxiety, mindfulness and relaxation strategies can help you improve low test performance and reduce anxious feelings. Don’t panic even if you feel the time pressure is too much. Stay calm and start working on assignments. 2.   Read Through Assignments Carefully Whether it’s a last minute assignment or an exam, reading through the questions helps you understand what is required. Even with the limited amount of time, don’t rush to answer a question. Use the first few minutes to read each question carefully without replying it. Look for keywords in each question and circle or underline them. There are words that should guide you on how you are supposed to answer questions. However, you should always have in mind that time is of the essence so don’t take too much time on this. This should only take up to a maximum of 5 minutes. The examples of some keywords that you should be on the lookout for include: outline; highlight; discuss; compare; contrast; illustrate; state; explain; elaborate. 3.   Start with Easy Questions The major reason why most students fail to complete their exams is simply due to the fact that they waste too much time thinking about what they don’t know rather than focusing on what they already know. Don’t run out of time whereas you have easy questions unanswered. According to BTPS Testing, a test preparation program, starting with easy question helps to: increase your chances of scoring higher in the assignment/exam; save time which is essential when you have limited time; help in boosting self-confidence; help you remember. 4.   Prioritize Your Tasks Take note of the marks awarded to each and every question and this will give you an idea of how many points you can earn. Needless to say, complex questions are assessed higher than simple ones. Besides, questions that assess special knowledge and skills are given higher points than questions that assess common knowledge. Try to concentrate on a task that guarantees you to get high marks. 5.   Plan Your Answers As the saying goes â€Å"Failing to plan is planning to fail†. When you have limited time to do an assignment you can save a lot of time if you plan your answers. At MyCollegeSuccess real students share their effective tips how to deal with college assignments. For example, Adrianne W. recommends that the main ideas should be outlined in a scratch of paper or jotted down with a faint pencil on the question paper. When it comes to writing down answers you you just need to spell out details. Save each minute that is essential when you are in the last minute rush. Whether it’s a heavy workload or simply your ignorance, you need to know several tricks so that you won’t succumb to the pressure of writing assignments within the limited time. One more effective way is to apply our custom assignment writing service to get high-quality paper samples from our qualified academic writers. We are open to you 24/7 so that you can achieve high results in writing even within short timeframes.

Imperialism and civilization in Heart od Darkness Essay

Imperialism and civilization in Heart od Darkness - Essay Example The interplay of themes also allows layers of interpretation for the novella and launches it to different realm and dimensions. Since early 1960’s political reading of the novella has considerably increased and this started with the explicate use of extracts and direct implementations by T.S. Eliot for his famous poem â€Å"The Hollow Men†. T.S. Eliot uses direct phrases from â€Å"Heart of Darkness†, â€Å"Mistah Kurtz, he dead†. This epigraph was originally used in the real manuscript of the poem. The implementation of this phrase in the poem, â€Å"The Hollow Men†, strikes a contrast with the dark horror and a presumed â€Å"light of civilization†. It hinted an ambiguity from both the planes that comprises of dark motives concerned with civilization as well as the freedom from barbarism. Theses two areas of serious delineation are well blended with the â€Å"spiritual darkness† of several characters and their symbolic interpretation which is operating within the novel. â€Å"Heart of Darkness† explores and comments intricately on the ideology of imperialism. Marlow’s reference to the actions of Romans at the very outset of the novel is a comparative analysis of the actions those explore Africa in the novel, more precisely in the Congo River. The political reading of the text launches its readers to a satiric presentation displayed through greed and ignorance of the European continent towards its colonies. Marlow indicates that the efforts of British colonial rule were much superior to any other country of the world. This is displayed more particularly through Belgian’s colonial activities and attitudes. The symbolic interpretation of the characters, setting and images too launches the novel into a different perspective. The interplay of light and dark representing good and evil respectively, operates within human lives since the initiation of life on this earth. Symbolic contrast between the mark of imperialism represented by the Thames River on one

Journal of Korean Melodrama Peppermint Candy (1999) Movie Review

Journal of Korean Melodrama Peppermint Candy (1999) - Movie Review Example The movie shows that it was the manipulative and oppressive society that led Yongho to commit suicide out of the sufferings that the social system caused him. The movie opens up to show that Yongho was a young business and then he eventually loses his enterprise and his money due to the bankruptcy. He also goes through a failed marriage with a Honja who is a woman he used. He eventually loses his dreams of marrying Sunim, his true love, and becoming a photographer. The movie explores these events through the psychological exploration of Yongho. The viewers are clearly shown how these psychological issues are caused because of an oppressive society in which Yongho loved. The society killed his individuality and his innocence to make him a person with no hope and no love. The director also explores how the political, economic, and social crisis of Korea in the 1980s and 1990s affected Yongho. His character was such that the Korean audience could relate to easily as he was a symbol of degradation of the society. Thus the movie clearly showed how the repressive and manipulative social system could absolutely tear an individual apart. The society was a militarized and patriarchal society which was male oriented. The issues displayed in the film explore the masculine ideology that was present in the Korean society at that time. The most important element which showed the masculine ideology was the militarized society that shaped Yongho’s life. The military control over Korea influenced the masculine ideology which prevailed in the state. The elements that portrayed the masculinity were the organized use of violence and avoidance of the reproductive activities which are culturally feminine. Another element which clearly showed the masculine ideology in the movie was the marginalization of women. The movie was about a man’s life from a male perspective and it totally failed to portray the

Social Networks in Work Places Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Social Networks in Work Places - Essay Example On the other hand, there are no given limitations that employees can deal with the websites that are work related without involving themselves with the recreational or personal sites that influence their level of output. The involvement of employees and employers in the online networks facilitates the publicity to malware, lack of privacy and other related factors and hence the concentration of the employees on their daily routines are affected and influenced negatively. This results to decreased production and profit levels.2 Since the discovery and introduction of technological advanced, electronics that are used to ease the communication gap between different individuals from different locations there has been complaints from many employers of the effects of these social networks on the productivity of the employees. There has been debates on the effects of these social networks on the general economical development and growth of different companies. The online social networks hav e been regarded as the most influential since their access is commonly by use of mobile phones or computers. The employees in most companies have access to these electronic gadgets and to the internet in their work places.3 This illustrates that the employees can engage themselves with the social networks online during working hours. This usually causes negative effects on the level of their productivity and the levels of realized profits from the employers. This aspect has caused most of the employers to install other gadgets to regulate and control the use of the internet in their companies. Some of the employees as a barrier or abuse can regard this to privacy and social life involvement. On the other hand, the employers see it as a way of controlling and sealing the degree of idleness and loopholes that influence productivity. The rights of both parties, employees and employers, seem to be violated but there should be an understanding between rights, privileges, work responsibil ities and abuse of work contracts. The realization and introduction of aspects that involves the concepts of the employers’ expectations from the employees with respect to their social life should be addressed in advanced and in most cases included in the employment contracts. Consequently, a closer look on the effects of employees involvement to social networks, mostly online should be critically analyzed since they are at times beneficial to the company or organization if used properly.4 The fact that the employees at times visit the websites that are not work related does not mean that they do this every time they access the internet. The social networks that are usually accessed online can assist in the beneficial part of the organization or company. From a deeper perspective, social networks can be termed as areas where people obtained all sorts of data and information.5 The interconnection of the system allows the users to assist one another, take steps to achieve goals and objectives and transmit the different information from one section to another. Social networks cannot be abolished in the work places due to their importance and improvement degree on the business world. On the other han

COMPETITORS ANALYSIS AIRLINES INDUSTRY Research Paper

COMPETITORS ANALYSIS AIRLINES INDUSTRY - Research Paper Example It will start a new delta.com platform in 2012, which it expects to produce additional purchases of tickets (Delta, 2011, p.7). It will also change its â€Å"distribution from a commodity approach to a differentiated and merchandised approach† (Delta, 2011, p.7). It believes that new merchandising initiatives that it is implementing, chiefly through delta.com, will produce additional revenue opportunities and enhance the purchasing experience of customers (Delta, 2011, p.7). Its main goal is to provide customers with opportunities to buy what they value, like â€Å"first class upgrades, economy comfort seating, WiFi access and SkyClub passes† (Delta, 2011, p.7). Delta also aims to reach amplified traffic on delta.com through a mixture of advertising revenue and transactions of third party products and services such as car rentals, hotels, and trip insurance (Delta, 2011, p.7). Its net income for 2011 was $854 million, which is $261 million higher than 2010 (Delta, 2011, p.27). US Airways Group is a holding company whose main business activity is operating a major network air carrier through its 100%- owned subsidiaries â€Å"US Airways, Piedmont Airlines, Inc. ("Piedmont"), PSA Airlines, Inc. ("PSA"), Material Services Company, Inc. ("MSC") and Airways Assurance Limited ("AAL")† (US Airways, 2011, p.5). It operates the fifth largest airline in the United States, which is measured by domestic revenue passenger miles ("RPMs") and available seat miles ("ASMs") (US Airways, 2011, p.6). It had around 53 million passengers for its mainline flights in 2011 (US Airways, 2011, p.6). For the same year, its mainline operation provided frequently scheduled service or seasonal service at 133 airports while the US Airways Express network served 156 airports in the United States, Canada and Mexico, including 78 airports also served by our mainline operation (US Airways, 2011, p.6). In 2011, it earned net income of $71 million, which

Comparative analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative analysis - Assignment Example Transcript analysis is a method that has the ability to overcome this problem. The method of analysis is important in that it also assists in identification of anticancer drugs. Cancer is a disease that has developed and spread among the human population over time. The problem has grown because with the advent of technology there has come various new activities and products that have a high cancer causing effect. The issue has spread so wide that the pharmaceutical world has also had problems. In the manufacture of various drugs that enable people to resist cancer-causing effects, some of them end up obtaining cancer. Transcript analysis is a method that is used to identify effective pills with well laid out formulas that ensure effective protection from these cancer-causing cells (Maslin, 2007). Rather than assisting in the identification and analysis of some of these chemicals, the ATP binding cassette is imperative in that it helps in the process of transportation. The major difference between ATP and transcript analysis is that point and despite the varying in responsibilities, the two are very important in the microbiology field. ATP is imperative in that it assists in the transport of some of the necessary products in a living thing from one section of its molecular structure to another where it is required to ensure optimum performance of the organism. It is imperative to understand that despite the varying responsibilities carried out by these two agents, there are points at which they become common. One of these points is with regard to metabolic engineering. Metabolic engineering is the aspect through which scientists use transcript analysis of the various plants to identify their genetic structure for the greater understanding of biology and for imperative research. It is critical to know that this method is also used in ATP. Initially, it was difficult for scientists to come

Operations and Human Resource Management Assignment

Operations and Human Resource Management - Assignment Example Working effectively with agencies is, therefore, a key consideration for institutions that require their services. A comprehensive analysis of Proposals should, therefore, be done where the institution’s aim will be to identify the best agency to provide for its requirements. The incompetence of agencies will have consequential negative effects on the institutions that hire them and therefore scrutiny is crucial. The component aspects of a good agency range from their credibility to their ability and efficiency. An efficient agency begins with good management. Those in the positions of managers should be conscious of the fact that they are dealing with demanding employees as well as corporate organizations. It is therefore important for them to lay down clear objectives and goals that play the role of guiding the stakeholders as well as striking a balance among their interests. It then leads down to the ability of employees and their motivation to ensuring they give their all towards the attainment of the laid down foals and objectives (Caldwell, 2007). The other aspect is that of risk management. In the agency, an organization is faced with many risks and challenges. The best way to manage these risks is by insuring themselves against any feasible causes that may lead to losses. The other credible way is risk sharing. Agencies may spread their risks with other partners in the same industry such that in the occurrence of losses, they will not bear the whole burden. The other very important activity is budget development and management activity. Just like any other organization, an agency needs to properly plan for its finances. This is best done through the formulation of a budget. A budget stipulates ways in which finances are to be earned and also how they are to be spent (Grey, 1999). A deficit in  the budget may be translated as insolvency of the business which is quite a risky position to beat. A surplus, on the other hand, would mean that the organization is well placed financially and is actually making profits. The budget, therefore, is an important tool for agencies since it is able to evaluate just how much the agency should spend and in what activities.  

Comparative analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Comparative analysis - Assignment Example Transcript analysis is a method that has the ability to overcome this problem. The method of analysis is important in that it also assists in identification of anticancer drugs. Cancer is a disease that has developed and spread among the human population over time. The problem has grown because with the advent of technology there has come various new activities and products that have a high cancer causing effect. The issue has spread so wide that the pharmaceutical world has also had problems. In the manufacture of various drugs that enable people to resist cancer-causing effects, some of them end up obtaining cancer. Transcript analysis is a method that is used to identify effective pills with well laid out formulas that ensure effective protection from these cancer-causing cells (Maslin, 2007). Rather than assisting in the identification and analysis of some of these chemicals, the ATP binding cassette is imperative in that it helps in the process of transportation. The major difference between ATP and transcript analysis is that point and despite the varying in responsibilities, the two are very important in the microbiology field. ATP is imperative in that it assists in the transport of some of the necessary products in a living thing from one section of its molecular structure to another where it is required to ensure optimum performance of the organism. It is imperative to understand that despite the varying responsibilities carried out by these two agents, there are points at which they become common. One of these points is with regard to metabolic engineering. Metabolic engineering is the aspect through which scientists use transcript analysis of the various plants to identify their genetic structure for the greater understanding of biology and for imperative research. It is critical to know that this method is also used in ATP. Initially, it was difficult for scientists to come

Any form of captivity Essay Example for Free

Any form of captivity Essay Animals should not be kept in any form of captivity. Animals belong in their natural habitat. It is a breach of their natural rights to take them away, and put them behind bars. All animals that are kept in captivity should be realized into the wild. Healthy News In zoos around the world animals are suffering Weird News. Every day animals are taken out of their natural habitat and put behind bars, purely for our beneï ¬ t. Studies have shown that these animals are suffering form severe cases of depression, abnormal behavior and physiological distress. How does the bird feel in the cage when he can clearly see his wild cousin ï ¬â€šying free from his conï ¬ ne many people visit zoos so they are able to gain greater knowledge of how animals behave and operate. These people want to see the animals acting naturally, how they would in the wild. The only way to understand an animal properly is to see it in its natural environment. Zoos give totally artiï ¬ cial and misleading views by isolating animals from there ecosystem. If people want to see how animals behave they should go out into the wild to see real animals, not ones who are physiologically distressed? More questions. In some poorer zoos the conditions are extremely bad. Most of them keep their animals in wire cages which are often too small to allow the animals to move around. Most of these cages have cement ï ¬â€šoors and lack any opportunities for the animals to act naturally. To make it worse most of these animals die young due to the harsh conditions they are forced to live with. Many zoos are absolutely disgraceful Zoos are cruel jails for these animals and should be outlawed unless they provide the animals with a friendly and roomy habitat, good food and good medical care. Most unfortunately do not †¦ I cannot imagine what life must be like for these animals in your gallery and thousands like them the world over †¦and Zoos are indeed a double-edged sword. Some people claim that zoos help protect endangered animals. Some owners even think that cage is a good discipline for a pet which will calm the and make them pay attentionbut for some it causes depression and more fear from the animal more that loyalty. In my opinion I am fully against cages for animals that can cause either mental or physical pain. The only reason I would consider it an option is if you had multiple dogs and one needed it’s own privacy if it has been returned from the vets or it has been suffering from stress of other pets in the home. There is no medical need for an animal to be kept inside a cage from it’s beneï ¬ cial point of view because it has no advantages from the fact that it can only separate the pet from the outside world. No animal deserves to be treated like a prisonerit has some emotional effects on the pet which can become permanent and it could change the pet for good.

Information systems in organisations

Information systems in organisations Abstract Successful system roll-out is not a task that can easily be achieved. As many organisations and governments have found to their cost, it is not simply the case that they can throw money at an information system in the hope that it will be successful. The primary case study used is that of the London Ambulance Service Computer Aided Despatch system. After looking at the background of the case the implementation and subsequent failure are discussed. The reasons for failure are explained, which show the project as essentially being doomed from the start. Although system failure is a common occurrence many organisations do not seem to learn from the mistakes of the past, resulting in several other high profile cases. There are some strategies, however, that can be adopted in order to combat against failure, which mainly side on the softer aspects of system design such as management, organisational culture and human relations. What are the major causes of systems roll-out success or failure? What strategies can organisations take to ensure the success? To answer this question fully we must first understand what an information system (IS) is; and more importantly, what constitutes the success and, or failure of an IS. An information system in an organization provides processes and information useful to its members and clients (Avison Fitzgerald, 2003). Flynn (1992) also describes it as An information system provides procedures to record and make available information, concerning part of an organization, to assist organizations-related activities. An IS is made up of a complex set of factors, including human, organisational, technical, political and financial factors (Flowers, 1996). The interaction between these can give rise to either the success or failure of a system roll-out. The success of an IS is measured mainly on whether or not it meets the productivity target of being developed on time and to budget, and the quality target of meeting the clients requirements. A successful system is one that meets its targets of quality and productivity (Flynn, 1992). An IS is deemed unsuccessful if it fails either one, or both of its targets. In some instances the system is never actually delivered to the end user, which obviously is another case of system failure. An unsuccessful system is one that fails to meet either its quality or its productivity targets (Flynn, 1992). Successful system roll-out is not the easiest of tasks, with many governments and companies finding this out to their cost. In some cases these cost have run into hundreds of millions of pounds. The latest Standish Group report CHAOS Summary 2009 shows that more projects than ever are failing, and also that the number of successful projects is on the decrease. Only 32% of projects met their targets and could be classed as successful; with 44% of systems meeting either only some or none of their targets and 24% were never completed (The Standish Group, 2009). There are estimates that the cost of project failure in the U.S. alone is well in excess of $100 billion; emphasising just how costly a problem system roll-out can be if not done correctly. One reason as to why there are so many instances of IS failure is partly due to the fact that a lot of the time they are constructed without a full understanding or anticipation of reality (Xalles Limited, 2005). This is known as the Vacuum Mentality syndrome (Xalles Limited, 2005). These realities include changes in technology, changes made by the user community, reorganisations, changes of needs, change of key players and project sponsors, issues with resources and changes of processes (Xalles Limited, 2005). This idea is backed up by Maddison Darnton (1996) who explain that human issues are usually more important than technical ones in determining success or failure. Highlighting the fact that it is not necessarily technical issues with an IS that are the main problems during the development process, but instead ones regarding human incompetence. One of the most dramatic IS failures reported in recent years is that of the London Ambulance Service Computer Aided Despatch (LASCAD) system. The LAS is the biggest ambulance service in the world, dealing with over 2,500 emergency calls a day. This inevitably put massive strains on the manual paper-based system that was being used, which already had several major problems with it. This led to the standards of performance falling below the ones agreed to as part of the national standards for ambulance response. It was, therefore, imperative that a new, more effective computer aided despatch system was introduced in order to meet the performance levels. The new system worked by a Control Assistant receiving an emergency call and entering the details given by the caller into the CAD system. Using call-box identifier and mapping systems, the exact location of the caller was calculated. Based on the information on the incident the CAD then worked out a level for the emergency, thus informing the Control Assistant on the appropriate specialist vehicles and skills that should be deployed to the emergency. The most appropriate and closest vehicle to the incident was then pinpointed via the use of mobile data terminals and the vehicle tracking system, and despatched to the emergency. The CAD system sent details of the incident to the vehicle via the on-board computer. Throughout dealing with the incident the crew were constantly updating the CAD system as to their arrival at the scene, their depart ure from it, their arrival at the hospital, and finally when they were free to deal with another call (Flowers, 1996). The intention of the CAD system was to eradicate the inefficiencies of the old paper-based system. However, as the LAS soon found out this was far from the case. On Monday 26th October 1992 the entire LASCAD system went live. It became quickly apparent, however, that it could note cope with the volume of calls. A number of calls were somehow getting lost in the system, leading to duplicate calls being made (Flowers, 1996). This meant that people who were in emergency situations had to wait, in some cases, for 30 minutes for their call to be dealt with. Even when the calls were dealt with, the ambulance allocation system had also failed meaning this had to be done manually, resulting in further delays. Amidst the confusion, it was even reported in some cases that two ambulances turned up to a single emergency, or that one never turned up at all (Flowers, 1996). As the day progressed, the number of calls increased, putting even more pressure on the already faltering system. The newer calls were now overwriting the earlier calls, resulting in even more incidents not being dealt with. The situation became that bad that all the queues were cleared in an attempt to decongest the system. However, this only succeeded in making the problem even worse, as a new flood of calls that were previously lost came through (Flowers, 1996). It was only Tuesday afternoon when the system was eventually shut down as a result of the escalating situation (Finkelstein, 1993). The LAS were instead forced to revert to a former part computerised system. Just over a week later they were back using the fully manual system. It is impossible to consider all of the factors that contributed to the demise of the CAD system. However, there are several major issues which could, ultimately, be seen as the contributing factors towards its failure. Flowers (1996) states that the primary reasons behind the failure were those of the design of the system, the management ethos, the procurement process and the timetable to which the system was developed. The system had been designed without sufficient testing, and on the basis that it would be operating in a perfect world where everything goes according to plan. It relied solely on the requirement that all the information received was perfect. In reality this was far from the case, and so the system was unable to sufficiently despatch resources to the incidents. As highlighted in the official inquiry into the failure: It is probable that the development team did not have full appreciation of the importance of these elements or, at least, of the consequences of failure, or less than perfect performance, of any one part (Finkelstein, 1993). The management ethos at the LAS was one that was inward looking and old-fashioned (Flowers, 1996). As a result of the recent restructuring which had been forced upon the LAS by the National Health Service, there were reported high levels of stress amongst senior management, which had seen a great number of previously loyal staff quitting (Mellor, 1994). In the years leading up to this there was a distinct lack of investment in areas such as the training and development of managers. During the implementation process a report was commissioned by the LAS into staff attitudes. It was clear to see from the results that staff had little faith in the management and were not satisfied with their jobs. This view had already been exposed from the result from a survey conducted in 1989 (Flowers, 1996). The official inquiry also highlighted a culture within the organisation that bred a fear of failure amongst the employees; whereby the success of the system was the one and only consideration (Flowers, 1996). This created an atmosphere in which people were scared to mention any problems or doubts they had with the system. As a result the system had become a sacred cow, in the fact that it became unreasonably immune to criticism from anyone associated with it. Senior managers believed that the system could be developed at a cost of just  £1.5 million. To meet the stringent financial restrictions regarding the purchase of the system, it was recommended by the selection team that the LAS accept the lowest offer, no matter who the tender was; unless they believed they had good and sufficient reason on the contrary (Flowers, 1996). The consequence of being forced to accept a tender in this manner was that the one with the lowest offer was an inexperienced small software company that had gravely underestimated that task at hand; hence the reason for their offer being considerably lower than all others. Having never worked on a project of this kind the companys resources were massively stretched, leading to falling standards in areas such as quality assurance, resulting in several mistakes being made with the development of the software. The inflexible time scale of just 6 months to which the system was set was far less than the industry average of 18 months for a project of this scale. It was believed by a vast majority within the LAS that the time scale was highly unrealistic. Inquiry Team member Paul Williams stated that The timetable was impossible (Mellor, 1994). Staff complained of the inadequacy of the training received for the system. There were major doubts about the quality of the training received and that it was provided long before the system was actually implemented; meaning it was not as effective as it could have been. The situation was made even worse by the fact that the control room staff were trained separately to the ambulance staff, which caused the potential for miscommunication. Other reasons include the fact that it had been decided by management that there was to be a trade off between the performance of the system and usability. The system was developed with little input from system users such as ambulance crews, with no LAS staff being assigned full time to the project (Mellor, 1994). These, therefore, were not ideal conditions in which to launch the new CAD system. Flowers (1996), on the other hand, argues that there is never an ideal time to introduce a major new computer system. However, he does also go on to say that rarely has such a large scale information system ever been introduced under such difficult circumstances (Flowers, 1996). This was not the first time that the LAS had tried to implement a CAD system for ambulances. Beginning in the early 1980s the system was doomed after tests revealed it would not be able to deal with the sheer volume of calls and so was abandoned in 1990 at a cost of  £7.5 million. For a system roll-out to be successful it must contain these four phases: Implementation Planning, Implementation Delivery, Post-Implementation Support, Post-Implementation Analysis (Xalles Limited, 2005). These implementation methods are based on a number of principles and assumptions. The approach by management to the project should be disciplined. As the case of the LASCAD has shown; strong and effective management is essential for the success of a system. Managers should be able to competently handle and issues or problems that develop during the implementation of the system. Accurate and concentrated documentation is needed in order to effectively communicate throughout each of the implementation phases. The end user(s) should be kept in mind throughout the development process so that the System Requirement Specification can be met. It is essential that organisations learn from the mistakes of others regarding the roll-out of an information system. However, this can pose quite difficult as many organisations, if they have difficulties, tend to keep these problems in-house, as not to bring any negative press to themselves. In conclusion it is clear to see that the roll-out of a successful IS is not an easy achievement, with organisations not always learning from the mistakes of others. After reading several case studies of high profile IS failures including LASCAD, TAURUS and Heathrow Terminal 5, it shows that the price of failure are extremely high with these companies losing tens of millions of pounds between them, and in the case of the LASCAD people losing their lives. These cases also highlighted that the main contributing factors towards the demise of each project were in fact from poor management, rather than technical difficulties. It is argued that the main factors for success comprise of timing and budget, perceived usefulness and ease of use, fitting the organisations business strategy and objectives, the management culture and human relations, and lastly acceptance of the system by the user(s) (Maddison Darnton, 1996). In order for a system roll-out to be successful all of this must be ta ken into consideration. Bibliography Avison, D. Fitzgerald, G. (2003). Information Systems Develolpment: Methodologies, Techniques and Tools Third Edition. Mcgraw Publishsing Flynn, D. J. (1992). Information Systems Requirements: Determination and Analysis. McGraw-Hill International Flowers, S. (1996). Software Failure: Management Failure: Amazing Stories and Cautionary Tales. John Wiley Sons Ltd. Finkelstein, A (1993). Report of the Inquiry Into The London Ambulance Service. International Workshop on Software Specification and Design Case Study. The Communications Directorate. Finkelstein, A Dowell, J. A Comedy of Errors: the London Ambulance Service case study. School of Informatics, City University. Lin, A (2009). Information Systems in Organisations. Department of Information Studies, The University of Sheffield. Maddison, R. Darnton, G. (1996). Information systems in organizations: improving business processes. Chapman Hall. Mellor, P. (1994). CAD: Computer-Aided Disaster (High Integrity Systems). Vol. 1, 2, pp. 101-156. The Standish Group (2009). New Standish Group report shows more project failing and less successful projects [Online]. http://www.standishgroup.com/newsroom/chaos_2009.php [Accessed 1 January 2010]. University College London (2009). Unit 3: Case Study London Ambulance Service CAD System [Online]. http://www.cs.ucl.ac.uk/staff/A.Finkelstein/advmsc/3.pdf [Accessed 5 January 2010]. Xalles Limited (2005). Successful Systems Implementation [Online]. http://www.xalles.com/reports/Successful%20Systems%20Implementation.pdf [Accessed 30 December 2009].

A Conversation with Anna Quindlan and Alice Walker :: Biography Biographies Essays

A Conversation with Anna Quindlan and Alice Walker It was an early Fall afternoon. The kind of afternoon which lends itself to quiet contemplation of the meaning of life, either while sitting under a tree, or walking through the woods admiring the changing foliage, or writing by sunlight in a quiet coffeeshop I had begun to call home. This particular afternoon I opted for the coffeeshop. I walked through the door and waved to Theresa, who was standing behind the counter. In the three years I had been coming to this place I was never served by anyone but Theresa. She knew me only as "Honey." As my eyes adjusted to the light on the inside of the coffeeshop, I removed my jacket and moved to my customary spot at the table to the extreme rear, beside the windows. I sit here because, in this corner, I can be an inconspicuous observer of the world. I have a view of the street outside the window and a view of the interior of the coffeeshop from this vantage point. While on the way to my table, I noticed something new in my second home. There the two of them sat. One white, thirty-something, in a conservative blue dress. The other black, only the experience that shows in her eyes giving away her true age of fifty-two, dressed in a colorful, flowing dress that seemed to have a vibrant life of its own. They appeared to be engaged in light conversation like two women from a General Foods International Coffee commercial. I immediately changed direction and headed for their table. "Mrs. Quindlen, Mrs. Walker, it is a pleasure and an honor to see you. I have read your books and thoroughly enjoyed them. Would you mind if I joined you?" "Not at all," stated Mrs. Quindlen. "Please, call me Anna." She studied my face intently, trying to decide whether or not to continue with the conversation or to simply while away the time with small talk until they could gently push me away. She decided on the former. "We were just sitting here discussing men. You just happened to walk up and now we have a real live man with which to examine.

Alice Walkers Color Purple - Historical and Political Insight Essay

The Color Purple : Historical and Political Insight Alice Walker’s writings were greatly influenced by the political and societal happenings around her during the 1960s and 1970s. She not only wrote about events that were taking place, she participated in them as well. Her devoted time and energy into society is very evident in her works. The Color Purple, one of Walker’s most prized novels, sends out a social message that concerns women’s struggle for freedom in a society where they are viewed as inferior to men. The events that happened during and previous to her writing of The Color Purple had a tremendous impact on the standpoint of the novel. The Civil Rights Movement was the largest influence on Walker’s writings. In a decision handed down by the Supreme Court in 1954, the beginning of civil rights occurred. In the decision of Brown vs. The Board of Education, the court ruled that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal because they gave AfricanAmerican children a sense of inferiority and retarded their educational and mental development. That case began the civil rights uprising in the United States. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 forbid businesses connected with interstate commerce to discriminate when choosing its employees. If these businesses did not conform to the act, they would lose funds that were granted to them from the government. Another act that was passed to secure the equality of blacks was the Voting Rights Act of 1965. This act, which was readopted and modified in 1970, 1975, and 1982, contained a plan to eliminate devices for voting discrimination and gave the Department of Justice more power in enforcing equal rights. In another attempt for equal rights, the Equal Employment ... ...ally signed in 1973 and the Americans returned home following the signage. However, all was not well in the US. Overall, the war was very unpopular to the public and it led to radicalism and polarization of the country’s youth. Many universities had demonstrations and a resistance against institutions was prevalent on college campuses. By 1974, the country’s economy was in recession, a direct response to the Vietnam War. The Civil Rights Movement and the Vietnam War were the two primary influences on the life and writings of Alice Walker. Walker is still alive today and continues to write about society issues that have affected her life. "Civil Rights and Liberties-Civil Rights Movement." Encyclopedia Americana. 1996 ed. Jackson, Melinda L. "Alice Walker-Womanist Writer." Online. Internet. 14 April 1998. Available http://wwwvms.utexas.edu/~melindaj/alice.html

Hoaxes: Deception and Cardiff Giant

Hoaxes What is a Hoax? A hoax is something that is intended to deceive you or better described as a theory. They are many hoaxes in the world that have been developed over time. The two I have decided to tell you about are in the top 10 famous hoaxes in the world. These two are the Cardiff Giant and then the Cottingley Fairies. As you will out while you continue to read is both of these came out not to be completely true. George Hull who was a tobacconist created the hoax, Cardiff Giant. â€Å"He decided to create the giant after an argument at a Methodist meeting about a passage stating there were giants that once lived on the earth. The men he hired to carve the man, were instructed to make it long out of gypsum. Edward Burghardt was hired by Hull to carve the stone into a man and not tell anyone. To make the stone man look old and weathered, they used many stains and acids. By the time he was transported to a farm the United States has already spent 2,600 dollars trying to figure out the hoax, this was in 1868. In almost 1869, two men dug up a well and discovered the giant. One of the reporters said, â€Å"I declare some old indian has been buried here! Later some guy set up a tent and charged 25 cents for people who wanted to see the giant. Hull later sold his interest for 23,000 dollars to a man with the name of David Hannum. They moved it to Sycacuse, New York for an exhibit. It was so popular that a man named P. T. Barnum offered 50,000 dollars for the giant; he was turned down. He later hired a man to model the giants shape and cover it in wax and created a plaster replica. The replica was put on display at New York and claimed that it was real and the other one was fake.Barnum got sued by Hannum for calling his giant fake. Barnum got sued by Hannum for calling his giant fake. Hull eventually confessed to the press on December 10. On February 2, 1870, both of the giants were revealed in the court as being, fake. Barnum was ruled by the judge that he c ouldn’t be sued. The story of Cottingley Fairies is based off of a series of five pictures that were taken by Elsie Wright and Frances Griffiths. Elsie borrowed her dad’s 25 cent camera one day and toke pictures behind the family house. As Mr.Wright was developing the pictures, he saw fairies in them, but he said they were, fake. She was banned from taking anymore pictures, but her mom, Polly, was convinced they were real. In the summer of 1919, the whole situation became public and an author wrote an article saying these fairies were real. The next fifty years od there life was spent avoiding the public and is particular hoax continued to be believed by a lot of people. Frances and Elsie both admitted when they were about to die that the first four that were taken was fake, but the fifth photo was, authentic.

History of Barter System

Barter system Barter system is an age-old method that was adopted by people to exchange their services and goods. This system was used for centuries, before the invention of money. People used to exchange the goods or services for other goods or services in return. Nowadays, barter services has staged a comeback with the advent of more sophisticated techniques that aid trading through the Internet. During ancient times, barter system was a local phenomenon, which involved people in the same locality. However, today barter system has become global. You can now negotiate with the opposite party, regarding the value of the item you want to barter and vice versa. The advantage of bartering is that it does not involve money. You can buy an item in exchange for some other thing you current . The barter system was one of the earliest forms of trading. History of barter system It facilitated exchange of goods and services, as money was not invented in those times. The history of bartering can be traced back to 6000 BC. It is believed that barter system was introduced by the tribes of Mesopotamia. This system was then adopted by the Phoenicians, who bartered their goods to people in other cities located across the oceans. An improved system of bartering was developed in Babylonia too. People used to exchange their goods for weapons, tea, spices, and food items. Sometimes, even human skulls were used for barter. Another popular item used for exchange was salt. Salt was so valuable at that time, that the salary of Roman soldiers was paid in salt. The main drawback of this system was that there was no standard criteria to determine the value of goods and services, and this resulted in disputes and clashes. These problems were sorted out with the invention of money, but the barter system continued to exist in some form or another. The Europeans started traveling across the globe during the Middle Ages and used barter services to trade their goods like furs and crafts to the East, in exchange of perfumes and silks. People of colonial America did not have enough money for business, which was mainly based on barter services. Most of their business consisted of wheat, skins of male deer (bucks), musket balls, etc. They were also experts in exchanging services. If members of one family agreed to help their neighbors in harvesting their crops, the latter would help the former in their task, like roofing their building. The history of barter system can also be linked to the initial years of Oxford and Harvard Universities, where students used to pay their fees as food items, firewood or livestock. Barter services became popular during the Great Depression in the 1930s', which witnessed a scarcity of money. The barter system was used as a way of obtaining things like food and other services. The trading was done between people or through groups, who acted as agents and facilitated third party bartering. These groups were like banks, where people maintained their accounts. In case of sale of any of the items, the account of the owner would be credited and the account of the buyer would be debited. It is worth mentioning that Adolf Hitler also used barter system to collect money for funding the war. He was engaged in barter trading with Greece, Sweden and Russia. Post World War II, the people of Germany too resorted to bartering, as the German currency had lost its value. Barter system has been in use throughout the world for centuries. The invention of money did not result in the end of bartering services. Sometimes, monetary crises fueled the revival of the barter system, and the current recession has once again set a stage for its comeback. Even though money is there for trading and for business, barter system still exists and has become more strong and organized. ly have, but don't want. This type of trading can be done through swap markets and online auctions.

Child Marriage in India Essay

Child marriage means that two children are forced to marry each other with the consent of the two families. The children are forced into the institution of marriage without knowing about its significance in the long run. Though parents are of the opinion that they involve their children in such rituals because it is an age old custom and it will also secure the future of their children but the reality is not so. Though in some cases parents believe in such superstitions and dogmas in other cases greed is the most significant factor. How can a girl’s future become secured if she gets married to a man who is 60 years of age while the girl herself is barely 14 or 15? Only their parent’s future will be secured with the amount of money the man and his family pay in return of the girl. This heinous crime cannot be termed as marriage it is simply selling of the girl child. The man will molest her at a tender age and at the same time he will kiss death pretty soon. The girl will end up being so horrified with the custom of marriage that she will dare not enter the institution again. A whole future filled with frustration and anger will result thereby. The sad news is that the institution of child marriage is still present in India in a number of villages and districts. Though the government has taken strict actions and child marriage has been declared as a big crime, still this practise is prevalent till today. The question that arises is that what can be done to stop this hidden crime? Apart from the measures taken by the government it is essential for colleges and other institutions like non- government organizations to make certain moves. It is advisable to approach such villages and districts and educate the parents about the ill- effects of child marriage. Though it is not easy to make them understand easily but you never know that which activity or step of yours can change their minds at any point of time. Short films, live plays can be shown to them and the moral behind these plays should obviously show the pathetic future of the kids who are forced to get married. More and more schools should be set up in such villages as a result of which people will sooner or later get their children admitted in schools. Such people should also be informed about the punishment given by the law and order of the country in an exaggerated way so that they get immensely scared even before thinking about such a crime. It is also advisable on the part of the government to take as strict actions as possible in order to abolish this institution completely. The path is tough but victory can be achieved if strict actions are taken. College students as a part of their college campaign can visit such villages and personally talk to the mothers of children explaining the ill- effects of child marriage in the lives of their children. It is easier to make a mother explain the problems her child would face because women are soft by nature. India is a developing nation and aims to become a developed nation in the near future, but can a developed nation have brides and grooms who have not yet attained adulthood. It is impossible for India to become a developed nation if child marriage is not abolished. Government should start an inquiry in such districts and villages and the homes where married couples under the age of 18 and 21 for a girl and a boy respectively are found, strict actions should be taken. The girl should be sent to her parent’s home and both the parents of the couple should be punished. There are places where mere words cannot change an individual’s heart. It is only strict action in the form of punishment that can alter their minds. The sooner this institution of child marriage is abolished the better for the whole nation. It is true that the percentage of child marriage has dropped over the years but still this institution exists. All the citizens should join hands to abolish this practice to make India a better place to live in.

A Child's Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings Essay

A Child's Drawing Expresses Their Psychological Ability and Feelings - Essay Example Talking does not offer a comprehensive medium of expression. According to Golomb (pp. 42), a child’s hidden feelings can only be expressed by art, specifically drawings. Be it small or a large drawing so much can be said from the piece of art. Other than career and professional drawings, drawings have been used to detect the feeling in most children who undergo psychological problems. In some instances drawings as an art has been used as anger management tool. This is an indication on how important art is in managing of human emotion. In an argument by Herne, Cox & Watts (pp. 115), a child’s drawings expresses about 75% of their internal feelings both emotional and psychological. In interpreting the drawings psychologists consider color, size, location of characters, characters, page location, font and shading type and the facial expression of child when drawing an image or character. Apart from the expression of feelings, drawings at different ages in children denote t heir psychological growth. From scribbling to real images and drawings is one notable feature in child development when drawings are concerned. It is this fact that has enabled me to come up with the theory that â€Å"a child’s drawing expresses their psychological ability and feelings†. This paper will focus on how drawings show a child psychological growth and interpretation... This stage is known as fortuitous realism. At this stage a child understands scribbling as the best work of art they can achieve. However, as much as scribbling can be seen as insignificant, the way scribbling is done by a child can tell more about their emotion and psychology. Some children may scribble dark scribbles while at times scribble gentler and light scribbles. According to the American Counseling Association (pp. 34) this may denote anger or frustration and also satisfaction and happiness respectively. The second stage occurs between the ages of 4 – 7. This stage is known as preschematic stage. This stage is categorized into two stages of development. The stages are failed and intellectual realism. In the failed realism a child draws elements that are completely unrelated from the real image of the element. Intellectual realism is when a child draws an element from their knowledge. For instance, a child may draw a cup since the image is in their brain. The third sta ge of development is the schematic stage. The stage comes up between the ages of 8 – 9. In this stage a child draws what they see. The element shows the features of the real image. This is aimed at transferring their visual sense to the mental sense then the interpretation follows. It is also noted that this point kids differ from the accuracy of their drawings. At this point is where the visual and interpretation abilities of children are noted. Different children have different visual and interpretation prowess. This indicates that the psychology of children differs depending on their mental abilities. The three stages show that drawings effectively indicate the psychological growth and strength of children.

Teaching assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Teaching assignment - Essay Example The plans are devised to improve the working skills of the students in linguistics. Many African mothers carry, or nestle, their babies on their backs. This custom has advantages for both mother and child. A working woman, who has nobody to look after the baby, knows he is safe on her back, while her hands are free for her work. Meanwhile, the baby stays in close contact with his mother and feels warm and safe. This sense of security may be suddenly broken, however, when the child can no longer be carried, he may be put down and expected to behave like a grown up child. But as he has been over-protected for so long through nestling that he now feels very insecure and may behave like a baby. Children need freedom and the chance to use their limbs. They need to be able to observe and explore their environment. They also need to learn how to make and do things on their own. Therefore, even when mothers must carry their babies everywhere, they should try to set them free whenever possible. a. Look at the picture. What do you think it is about? Which part of the world do you think this woman is from? All right, you now know that the woman is from Africa and she is carrying a baby on her back. You know a bit about the picture. By presenting the above-mentioned lesson plan I have observed the following learning outcome in the working skills of the student with respect to English language. The student was able to understand the meaning of nestling. He was able to generate a discussion on how babies are cared in villages and cities. He was able to do the following: The student was in need of audio visual aid that he or she must be provided with some sort of audio visual aid. The lesson plan was presented in a good style which enhanced the abilities of the student but not at a mature level. He or she was in need of more hard work. In the subject plan the student was provided with the

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

My Sister's Keeper by Jodi Picoult - Essay Example Her novel My sister’s keepers also deal with moral, ethical and psychological consequences of situation that have a contradicting point of views. This novel was published in 2004 initially and raises many contradicting issues pertaining to genetic engineering and rights pertaining to control of minor over her body. This novel tells the story of a family whose daughter has been suffering from extremely harmful form of cancer and genetically designed other daughter is brought to the world for sake of saving her sister and help in recovery (SparkNotes, n.d.). The protagonist of the story was Anna Fitzgerald who plays a role that is argued by many. Her character is defined by her link to elder sister Kate, whose health depends upon her and her efforts for fighting for her rights as an individual and battle of getting freedom from this special link. These efforts and willingness can be seen in her chat with Campbell that how much she wanted to be a sister to Kate in all the past te n years and she couldn’t achieve that status in anyway. The tragic and sorrowful reality of Ana’s character can be seen in her efforts of getting freedom and treated as an independent person rather than being used for a purpose only, which was keeping her sister Kate alive. These contradictory thoughts complicates her character and mind by making herself guilty for thinking of getting an independent identity unrelated to her sister when she knows only she can be source of health to her sister. It forces her to think of herself as a selfish person and feeling less. All of these negative feelings lead her to engage in harmful activities that could affect her health such as smoking with Jess. Anna is shown as a helpless and disputed soul as she is willing to help her sister as well to combat this disease by donating her kidney to Kate, but the Kate is destined to die in any way later or sooner. And at the same time she is willing to be independent of this issue by filing a lawsuit against her parents that states and provides all rights of Anna on her own body and helps her in not donating her sister the Kidney. She is actually shown as fulfilling her sister’s desire as well as Kate herself wants to die because she is tired of fighting against this cruel disease. This represents the righteous side of Anna and love towards her sister. Therefore, it is the lawsuit filed by Anna that is targeted towards completing the wishes of both sisters at a time (SparkNotes, n.d.). Since Anna is a product of genetic engineering and an unwanted and undesired child in her parents life, which is solely brought to this world by her parents with the help of science for sake of keeping her sister alive. Therefore she is also shown as a point of node between science and compassion through out the story. The extent of using Anna by her parents can be seen in Sara’s in form of desires for using Ana’s body organs for the health and safety of her elder da ughter Kate only and she had never thought of Anna as a person or her own child. Therefore, it can be concluded that the character of Anna has been represented as a person who is sacrificed her life and happiness for her sister to the readers and her family. Her character is respected for her great deed, loving and devoting attitude so she can be considered as a source of light and happiness to her family. She is also shown as a joyful person who is funny and a very sympathetic person. She has not only physically helped her sister to remain healthy